Formed February 9, 1919 (48th county)
Treasure County (759), Hysham (274)
A Modern red brick building replaced a basic wooden structure. The facility was built in 1955. Morrison-Maierle & Associates are the architects. The county was established on February 9, 1919 as the 48th county with Hysham as the only county seat. It is a descriptive name to attract settlers. Hysham is named for rancher Charles J. Hysham. The courthouse is on Rapelje Avenue at Spurling Street. Montana State Highway 311 is two blocks north of the site.
Treasure County government consists of a sheriff and 3 Commissioners. Two District Court Judges serve Treasure, Carter, Custer, Fallon, Garfield, Powder River, and Rosebud counties. The county is in the southeast part of the state. Billings, Montana is directly west of the county. The Yellowstone River flows through the county. The county center is 8 miles South-Southwest of Hysham nearer Myers. The county is surrounded clockwise by Rosebud, Big Horn, and Yellowstone counties.
The area of the county is 979 square miles. It is 53 out of 56 in the state. It ranks 55 out of 56 in population in the state. It has a density of 0.8 persons per square mile making it 49 out of 56 in the state. Treasure County has 36.1% of its population in its incorporated areas. Interstate Highway 94 crosses the county east to west from Rosebud County to Yellowstone County. The county could be described as a shark’s head. Hysham is located in the northeast quarter of the county. Hysham is the county seat and, as the only incorporated city, it is the largest city. It is 36.1% of the county population. The county seat is pronounced HIE-SHAM.
Hysham
